![蝴蝶效应之谜:走近分形与混沌](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/222/40375222/b_40375222.jpg)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-5KCSyS0qqb05t0Qg1zGvFrOLQtNJJVin-0-f6340ba570cf14088bacd0c77d91d5bb)
图1.1.3 分形龙的自相似性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-yhj7bmN1mlvlAUvIuWRDvDq8p8xPXjei-0-759fd028b79be2d444fdb9b20bdfc11b)
图1.2.3 科赫雪花
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0003.jpg?sign=1739249013-4N4EM76msri47sCLKOf5joHA4jjeT8Oh-0-edc50880ee596752f0e559d40d3d9bd3)
图1.3.1 用度量方法定义的维数
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-Rc6ljWLUHkI6GwvSG1mhanc6xqs6dM60-0-008c8cb4b74afa1856885a549ebcb4a9)
图1.4.6 分形龙边界由四段自相似图形构成
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-zNqVjgKhQH6mnAxgGBP6qDLznS0wi5zR-0-a6298379fd39217020e9f4d7e54aa705)
图1.5.1 计算机产生的树叶形分形图
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-b7mZX7TLSDxUEB0JNnvuFkwBrq8gvIAZ-0-2772a0a451e450e9b6308f48fa6229d8)
图1.7.1 曼德勃罗集所形成的图形
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-s3LeFUmGwEET82hzkwjmaCVQdVMKElDE-0-7dfddd0a0de5b01a9926c89f6ea070f6)
图1.7.2 用曼德勃罗-朱利亚图形设计的丝巾图案(红线勾出的图形与图1.7. 1右下图的朱利亚集相似)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0006_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-SL6msiUmEkOAV4P2SeFgRRfI47pVy8nx-0-abb586239a6586a22bf113687636ae01)
图1.8.1 左侧图是曼德勃罗集,右侧是对应于曼德勃罗图形中(x=0.379, y=0.184)处的朱利亚集
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0006_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-VwXgN5joLllWENLacjJwwm6lscqfhWIR-0-ac0571940bdada9d7de13a1df9ee4d0e)
图1.8.3 曼德勃罗集中不同的点对应不同的朱利亚集
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-v9Up2f91L6RBpDyu64sSZvVHuM1AyfM9-0-ad0a8c18afa04d53e06e0c8f0ad11034)
图2.2.1 洛伦茨吸引子
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-mE4YWzz3TmiNW5KSofJW6VUQEek8k4OZ-0-c855d150976c5a3d405a522e879b40a5)
图2.4.1 洛伦茨吸引子是个2.06维的分形
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0003.jpg?sign=1739249013-OjMtj7vT9VpVL4gaijFYqzDwSYI1LheE-0-74af03f9d9b617af7d5514a9c6e99935)
图2.6.2 限制性三体问题:初值有微小差别的十条轨道随时间的演化过程
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-fFjZOlyhRXPas94tyIUZonRs66q8iMvz-0-993155a570b425799fc53d79c90fb5b2)
图2.7.2 对应于不同的k值,逻辑斯蒂方程解的不同长期行为
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-dJyxzsEc6QhKHPKmAh16RpEqEsYTJvpq-0-64f9f614a8fa7c10095aa54ad89bd2f2)
图2.8.1 倍周期分岔现象(2.9<k<3.9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0009_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-oGwYDIFVKEFCT5SJ3uh7APY0CUQEAoLD-0-2d16aa871ddebf8e375c6fdcabef3eb7)
图2.9.1 不同k值下的逻辑斯蒂迭代图
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0009_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-KdFn4MVyXbVPBobmT6ZP5KuDlTacfF9m-0-ad6b7959c606c91311dd36bbc4f3eee1)
图2.9.2 不稳定和稳定
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0010_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-Y08999iWisCjoSUZvo7hJKWR3LF4cweN-0-fb61a6189da21a02cb94ab33e53b17c9)
图2.9.4 逻辑斯蒂系统的李雅普诺夫指数及对应的分岔情形
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0010_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-LKGpaUoKicLc1KaPFiP6KKnFHVnWcJ4k-0-21394e31afd042fbc7a95329c0ef633b)
图3.3.2 对三段不同频率的正弦函数组成的图形的窗口傅里叶变换结果
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0011_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-tMPMtoMc0TniNUslmKEmk9Jv2CzChgE5-0-f43a43cb88ec85cc5e4be15efaa85207)
图3.4.1 人体大脑和肺泡结构呈现分形
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0011_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-hnQZEHjVDsZFQPPbUmCn6sO7jusvZ8wT-0-aea86868dae1ffef38f76af76fc42e45)
图4.2.2 倍周期分岔图和曼德勃罗集
注:连接上下两图的白色竖线表明逻辑斯蒂分岔和曼德勃罗集之间的关联,白线下端的数字对应于曼德勃罗集中不同的复数c的实数值。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-QcsXPr3hihb1x7Vuts0x6KkELxetUQJj-0-66beee3f627fa042170ca419585d432b)
图4.3.1 用混沌游戏方法生成谢尔宾斯基三角形
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-tZr1fTDrbiUdnW6AvOtsRv4QiC1Yz7c0-0-55b684c1351e71574d1c7902adbab477)
.3.2 生成谢尔宾斯基三角形的混沌游戏,不同实验点数的不同结果
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0003.jpg?sign=1739249013-YS58JSEX35V6r04Ld3VZbBbwenT9MGRE-0-93154ece813e2741b11a67fe4f6cb6d4)
图4.4.3 结构稳定性示意图
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-eA3LFqc5EpAXT98jSlnief2xgUBLe0yk-0-ccf38887e372af6b3a92e2b2a3f1f1fd)
图4.4.4 马蹄映射和奇异吸引子的形成
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-r9nfhDUQFn2eFw7cN3jzEjJYJOz98ew0-0-645a1f5f2c8319ebbc236a207f0b4121)
图5.1.3 环面破裂混沌之路
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0003.jpg?sign=1739249013-dYVqfYVihEjeKUfpoQTnr6JABjJCLUkZ-0-9ba90beb5431c49775ed4150db46ab3e)
图5.3.1 标准普尔20年增长曲线
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0004.jpg?sign=1739249013-4Zr2mJLNaA22rqNd4nDiyymJwSzkqKh4-0-00342083afbf301a63389cf3ebb0278d)
图6.4.4 生命游戏模拟“无序到有序”
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0001.jpg?sign=1739249013-lYGxWpMLSO1dSykxKXFi8ijf1b6uKZ9M-0-b703aec85632306d80290306c1fcb51b)
图5.4.1 三种多址方式的比较
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/435F72/20964120301713306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0002.jpg?sign=1739249013-uhhJxssJSV9ZS76uZpHSU0Ig1lDHEQqn-0-5aea6b795452fe8aa0189b3bf581dd62)
图6.4.3 计算机模拟的生命游戏迭代过程
(这个计算机生成的图中,黑色部分表示死,其他彩色表示生)
生命游戏程序引自:http://www.tianfangyetan.net/cd/java/Life.html